Reasonable nutrition comes from a scientific diet. With the continuous improvement of the food standards of the grass-roots troops, the diet structure of our army has also realized the leap from food and clothing type to nutrition type. The particularity of military work determines the particularity of their dietary security, how to make the majority of officers and soldiers eat nutritious and healthier from a health perspective? To this end, we interviewed Liu Jianying, director of the Nutrition Department of the Navy's Qingdao Special Service Recuperation Center. Please see--

Interviewer: As the old saying goes, "If the soldiers and horses do not move, the food and fodder go first". The diet of soldiers, like weapons and equipment, has always been valued by Chinese and foreign soldiers. The nutritional status is not only related to the health status of the soldiers, but also affects the soldiers' brain and body operation ability, the ability to adapt to the harsh environment, and directly affects the combat effectiveness of the army. As a sanatorium medical nutrition professional workers, I heard that you have done a lot of related research work in recent years.

Liu Jianying: As a military medical nutrition professional, out of professional sensitivity and military responsibility, I began to pay attention to this problem. Since 2014, I have participated in the "Serving the Army Camp" activity organized by the sanatorium, and went to the grassroots units to conduct food surveys, military health surveys, nutrition knowledge education, and cooking backbone training. In recent years, more than 30 grass-roots troops have been surveyed on the popularization of nutrition knowledge, dietary nutrition and health status.

Interviewer: So according to your survey results, what is the current understanding and cognitive attitude of officers and soldiers on nutrition knowledge?

Liu Jianying: Through a series of scientific and rigorous surveys, the results show that the popularization rate of nutrition knowledge among officers and soldiers is not high, the pass rate is only 63.2, and the excellent rate is only 21.6. The awareness rate of the survey is low; the nutritional attitude is generally good. 98.5 percent of the respondents agree that diet and nutrition have a positive impact on health, and 95.6 percent of the respondents expressed their willingness to learn nutrition knowledge; 46.3 percent of the officers and soldiers think their current eating habits are unreasonable, and 94.2 percent of them are willing to change their eating habits.

Interviewer: Now that the food security of the grassroots troops has been significantly improved, what problems do you think still exist in the current diet and nutrition structure?

Liu Jianying: We compared the results of the dietary survey with the food quantitative standard of the military according to the stove, and found that there were some differences. Although almost all the officers and soldiers surveyed had a buffet and paid attention to the combination of meat and vegetables, and the officers and soldiers could choose their own meals, the common problem was that the intake of oils and fats exceeded the standard, while the intake of dairy products, coarse and coarse cereals was insufficient.

According to the analysis of daily per capita intake of energy and nutrients in different arms, it was found that the energy and protein intake of each arm basically reached the military standard, and the sodium intake far exceeded the military standard by more than twice. But zinc, vitamin B1 intake is obviously insufficient. The energy supply ratio of the three major production capacity nutrients is unbalanced, of which the protein energy supply ratio is in line with the military standard (12%-15%), while the fat energy supply ratio exceeds the military standard (20%-30%), and the carbohydrate energy supply ratio is lower than the military standard (55%-65%).

Interviewer: what impact will the lack of popularization of nutrition knowledge and the imbalance of diet structure have on the health status of officers and soldiers?

Liu Jianying: Different arms have different health conditions due to their working environment and nature. Among them, the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in artillery is relatively high, which is related to poor dietary hygiene. The detection rate of overweight, obesity and hyperuricemia in surface warship personnel is the highest, which may be related to their lack of nutritional knowledge, excessive fat intake, excessive intake of high-purine foods such as seafood, especially oyster sauce, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, and relatively less effective exercise, it may be related to insufficient intake of high calcium foods, lack of sunlight exposure, less effective exercise, and excessive intake of coffee and carbonated beverages.

Interviewer: Compared with previous studies, what do you think should be done to intervene in the nutritional health of military personnel?

Liu Jianying: Previous studies have shown that the incidence of many chronic metabolic diseases is mostly related to nutritional disorders. Long-term bad eating habits can lead to overweight, obesity, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, hyperuricemia, gastrointestinal inflammation and other diseases. A number of recent studies have proved that health education and nutrition intervention can effectively inhibit the occurrence of chronic diseases related to lifestyle.

Through the investigation, there are many problems, such as lack of nutrition knowledge, excessive fat intake and unbalanced dietary nutrition. In view of these problems, logistics support departments and health care departments should pay attention to it and strengthen the education of nutrition and health knowledge of grass-roots officers and soldiers. Through the development of nutrition and health education classes, remote nutrition consultation hotlines, Internet nutrition and health education platforms, WeChat public numbers, and grassroots nutritionist training, officers and soldiers can be educated and guided on nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, so that officers and soldiers can master more Nutrition knowledge; training on nutrition and cooking knowledge for the backbone of cooking, and guiding the army to formulate scientific nutrition recipes. Through the above measures, improve the level of military nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior.

Interviewer: I heard that your sanatorium has formulated and issued a series of military nutrition manuals, which have brought great help to officers and soldiers. Can you introduce them to us?

Liu Jianying: We have developed a series of military nutrition manuals for different services and different operating environments. The manual covers dietary and nutritional principles for submarine personnel, nuclear-related personnel, pilots, divers, electronic countermeasures personnel and personnel performing long-haul missions, as well as dietary and nutritional support guidance for military personnel operating in high-temperature, low-temperature and low-oxygen environments, and guidance on how to improve military effectiveness through nutrition, which has been distributed to some troops in batches. For some chronic diseases, we have also formulated a series of chronic disease dietary nutrition manuals, covering the prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperuricemia and other diseases.

Interviewer: In addition to paying attention to daily diet and nutrition, how should officers and soldiers do a good job of scientific diet in military operations?

Liu Jianying: good nutritional status is an important guarantee for improving physical fitness and endurance, improving training effect, resisting fatigue and enhancing military operation efficiency. Before military operations, officers and soldiers should consume high-sugar diets to increase their body glycogen reserves and increase endurance. In military operations, water and salt should be added in a timely manner. For military operations that last for more than one hour, sugar should also be added during the operation to improve operation efficiency. After the completion of military operations, high-sugar foods should be supplemented in time to promote fatigue recovery. during strength training, officers and soldiers should take a high-protein diet. In addition, for long-term sea service officers and soldiers, need to follow the doctor's advice to take dietary supplements.

Interviewer: OK, thank Director Liu! I believe that through your explanation, nutrition and health will be valued by more and more officers and soldiers.

Liu Jianying: Diet and nutrition are related to combat effectiveness. I hope more people will participate in the team to maintain the nutrition and health of officers and soldiers.

Guangzhou Hengkang Weiye Education Technology Co., Ltd.

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